Reflect on your source: Once you've summarized and assessed a source, you will need to ask how it fits into your research.In other words, if someone asked what this article/book is about, what would you say?.Summarize your source: What are the main arguments? What is the point of this book or article? What topics are covered?.This includes the author's name, title, publication information, etc. Give the bibliography information for your source (in APA formatting).Your annotated bibliography should contain the following three sections: Writing an annotated bibliography can help you gain a good perspective on what is being “said” about your topic in other words, what are the “conversations” taking place/surrounding your topic? By reading and responding to a variety of sources on a topic, you will start to see what the issues are and what people are arguing then, you will be able to develop your own point of view. Cite the book, article, or document using the appropriate style. The steps to creating an annotated bibliography. Collecting sources for a bibliography is useful, but when you have to write annotations for each source, you are required to read each source more carefully. An annotated bibliography gives you an idea of the prevailing perspectives, arguments or theories on your topic, which helps you choose your position. This particular annotation does not reflect on the source’s potential importance or usefulness for this person’s own research.įor information on formatting APA citations, see our APA Formatting and Style Guide.The goal of an annotated bibliography is to learn about your topic, especially when preparing for a research project. The second paragraph points out the project’s strengths and evaluates its methods and presentation. The first paragraph provides a brief summary of the author's project in the book, covering the main points of the work. The annotation above both summarizes and assesses the book in the citation. Ehrenreich’s project is timely, descriptive, and well-researched. The author is forthcoming about her methods and supplements her experiences with scholarly research on her places of employment, the economy, and the rising cost of living in America. An annotated bibliography is a list of academic sources put together by a researcher or student. Taking jobs as a waitress, a maid in a cleaning service, and a Walmart sales employee, the author summarizes and reflects on her work, her relationships with fellow workers, and her financial struggles in each situation.Īn experienced journalist, Ehrenreich is aware of the limitations of her experiment and the ethical implications of her experiential research tactics and reflects on these issues in the text. In this book of nonfiction based on the journalist's experiential research, Ehrenreich attempts to ascertain whether it is currently possible for an individual to live on a minimum-wage in America. Nickel and dimed: On (not) getting by in America. In the sample annotation above, the writer includes three paragraphs: a summary, an evaluation of the text, and a reflection on its applicability to his/her own research, respectively.įor information on formatting MLA citations, see our MLA 9th Edition (2021) Formatting and Style Guide. Students should find Lamott's style both engaging and enjoyable. Some of the writing exercises would also be appropriate for generating classroom writing exercises. Several of the chapters in Part 1 address the writing process and would serve to generate discussion on students' own drafting and revising processes. Rather than a practical handbook to producing and/or publishing, this text is indispensable because of its honest perspective, its down-to-earth humor, and its encouraging approach.Ĭhapters in this text could easily be included in the curriculum for a writing class. Lamott offers sane advice for those struggling with the anxieties of writing, but her main project seems to be offering the reader a reality check regarding writing, publishing, and struggling with one's own imperfect humanity in the process. In the process, Lamott includes writing exercises designed to be both productive and fun. Taking a humorous approach to the realities of being a writer, the chapters in Lamott's book are wry and anecdotal and offer advice on everything from plot development to jealousy, from perfectionism to struggling with one's own internal critic. Lamott's book offers honest advice on the nature of a writing life, complete with its insecurities and failures. Bird by Bird: Some Instructions on Writing and Life. Writing Letters of Recommendation for Students.
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